As well as speaking mantras, Buddhists give offerings and bow to show their dedication to the Buddha. Bowing three times shows respect to the Three Refuges. Mahayana Buddhists recite a mantra called Nam Myoho Renge Kyo , which contains the concept that everyone has the ability to deal with and overcome any problems they encounter in their life.
This concept means that, as humans, we have the ability to transform any suffering into non-suffering. This is because the Buddha was a human who was able to achieve enlightenment and stop the suffering in his own life.
The Buddha believed that everyone has the ability to do this. Theravada Buddhists believe in Namo Buddhaya. Doufesh, H. Wyczesany, M. Qi, H. In Conf. IEEE Eng. Rutkowski, T. Nguyen, D. Murphy, M. Source modeling sleep slow waves. Silva, F. Lopes da Silva Ch. Tei, S. Meditators and non-meditators: EEG source imaging during resting.
Brain Topogr. Faber, P. Deactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex in experienced Zen meditators. Harmony, T. The functional significance of delta oscillations in cognitive processing. Brewer, J. Li, X. Delta coherence in resting-state EEG predicts the reduction in cigarette craving after hypnotic aversion suggestions. The posterior cingulate cortex as a plausible mechanistic target of meditation: findings from neuroimaging. Luk, C. Carmody, J. Mindfulness, spirituality, and health-related symptoms.
Burke, A. Comparing individual preferences for four meditation techniques: Zen, Vipassana Mindfulness , Qigong, and Mantra. Assenza, G.
Wakefulness delta waves increase after cortical plasticity induction. Borbely, A. Sleep deprivation: Effect on sleep stages and EEG power density in man. Feinberg, I. Computer-detected patterns of electroencephalographic delta activity during and after extended sleep.
Knyazev, G. EEG delta oscillations as a correlate of basic homeostatic and motivational processes. Age-related changes in sleep EEG are attenuated in highly intelligent individuals. Garcia-Rill, E. Reticular Activating System. Nieuwenhuys, R. The human central nervous system: a synopsis and atlas. Smith, S. Hlinka, J. EEG pattern predicts reduced intrinsic functional connectivity in the default mode network: An inter-subject analysis.
Northoff, G. Cortical midline structures and the self. Faber, E. The neural correlates of two forms of spiritual love: an EEG study. Wachholtz, A. Is spirituality a critical ingredient of meditation? Comparing the effects of spiritual meditation, secular meditation, and relaxation on spiritual, psychological, cardiac, and pain outcomes.
Wiech, K. An fMRI study measuring analgesia enhanced by religion as a belief system. Goldstein, D. Low-frequency power of heart rate variability is not a measure of cardiac sympathetic tone but may be a measure of modulation of cardiac autonomic outflows by baroreflexes. Kop, W. Autonomic nervous system reactivity to positive and negative mood induction: the role of acute psychological responses and frontal electrocortical activity. Porges, S. The polyvagal theory: neurophysiological foundations of emotions, attachment, communication, and self-regulation.
Norton, Hadase, M. Very low frequency power of heart rate variability is a powerful predictor of clinical prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure. Mortara, A. Abnormal awake respiratory patterns are common in chronic heart failure and may prevent evaluation of autonomic tone by measures of heart rate variability.
Circulation 96 , — Hedman, A. Acta Physiol. May, R. Understanding the physiology of mindfulness: aortic hemodynamics and heart rate variability.
Lohmann, G. Brunner, C. LIPSIA—a new software system for the evaluation of functional magnetic resonance images of the human brain. Koelsch, S. Download references. We want to thank the participants and the funder. The award number is SPF You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Hin Hung Sik. Reprints and Permissions.
The neurophysiological correlates of religious chanting. Sci Rep 9, Download citation. Received : 05 April Accepted : 11 February Published : 12 March Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:. Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.
Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate. Advanced search. Skip to main content Thank you for visiting nature. Download PDF. Subjects Emotion Human behaviour Social neuroscience. Abstract Despite extensive research on various types of meditation, research on the neural correlates of religious chanting is in a nascent stage.
Introduction Religious chanting is as common in Eastern cultures as praying is in Western. Figure 1. A: Nichiren Daishonin states that the practice of meditation is contained within the chanting of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo. Meditation has a long history in both the Hindu and Buddhist traditions. It was documented earliest around BCE, and was later introduced and incorporated into Buddhism during the time of the Buddha, Shakyamuni. In fact, throughout the Lotus Sutra, Shakyamuni refers to himself and others entering stages of samadhi , a practice of meditative concentration based on focusing the mind.
This is because it took a great amount of concentration and time, and people living ordinary lives amid harsh realities did not have the luxury to engage in such an effort.
He established the practice of chanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyo and directly manifested the Mystic Law to which he had become enlightened in the form of the Gohonzon, so that all people could awaken to the state of Buddhahood within their own lives in this defiled age of the Latter Day of the Law.
In other words, the practice and benefits of the deepest kind of meditation are all encompassed within the chanting of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo. Essentially, chanting Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is the most complete Buddhist practice, enabling all people today to awaken to their Buddha nature, the true aspect of their life.
0コメント