It gets early morning light and some protection from the hotter afternoon sun. But that has some benefits, too, Snyder said: Shade, less mowing and easier gathering of the nuts. Not just the nuts but all parts of the Ohio buckeye tree, including its leaves and bark, are highly toxic when taken internally, according to a U. Department of Agriculture fact sheet.
That goes for both people and livestock. Its leaves also smell bad when crushed. Stored seeds need a cold treatment, called stratification, before they will germinate. For the moist cold needed, put wet sand or moist new perlite in a resealable plastic bag, add the seeds, after removing the husks, so they're covered by the moist material, and put the bag in a refrigerator for three to eight weeks. After three weeks, check on the seeds each week, removing seeds that have sent out a seed root, called the radicle, so you can pot them up.
A clean potting mix, such as one made of equal parts perlite and peat moss, helps prevent disease and provides good drainage for developing seedlings. Soak 4-inch-wide pots in a solution of 1 part household bleach to 9 parts water for five minutes. Use pots with drainage holes. Before planting the seeds into the pots, soak them for 24 hours in water.
Remove the seeds from the water after soaking and place them in a five percent bleach solution. Remove the seeds from the bleach after one minute and rinse them off with water.
The bleach helps kill any fungus that may be present on the seeds that keeps them from germinating properly. One seed goes in each pot, with the radicle pointing downward. The planting hole should be a little wider than the seed and one time its depth. It does well in all soil textures, and prefers a moist, well-drained soil that is slightly alkaline to acidic.
It grows best in good, rich soil. It is moderately drought-tolerant and, if grown in full sun, should be mulched and watered to keep the roots cool and moist. Red buckeye, which is hardy in Zones 4 to 8, is almost pest-free, although it can have severe problems with leaf blotch.
Related species: There are two plants closely related to red buckeye. Common horsechestnut A. Flowers are tubular-shaped, as are those of the red and painted buckeyes, and pale-yellow. The showy upright flower clusters range from 4 to 8 inches tall. Only the lower flowers of each cluster are perfect and produce fruit, as the upper flowers are staminate and produce additional pollen to help assure fruit set.
The stamens do not extend beyond the petals. Aesculus flava will hybridize with A. Smooth husk fruit on yellow buckeye tree Aesculus flava. Fruit are found in clusters in autumn, and are smooth, thick, leathery capsules that contain from 1 to 3 chestnut-brown, shiny seeds. Seeds need to be planted in rich, deep woods soil, and not allowed to dry out before planting. Ohio buckeye has also been called American buckeye, stinking buckeye and fetid buckeye.
The latter names refer to the strong fetid odor of their crushed leaves, bark, broken twigs and flowers. As with the other buckeyes, Ohio buckeye grows best in deep, rich, well-drained soils in part-shade.
They are prone, as are other buckeye species, to leaf scorch if sited in full sun and under drought conditions. Higher elevations of South Carolina are at the bottom end of the range for Ohio buckeye. This species also thrives in mesic hardwood forests in ravines and along stream banks which provide constant soil moisture.
Typically, Ohio buckeyes grow as small to medium-sized trees to 30 to 50 feet tall. Ohio buckeye flowers are creamy to greenish-yellow and held in upright terminal panicles, and flowering occurs in early spring. Stamens extend beyond the petals. The fruit are warty or spiny, leathery capsules that usually contain just one hard, shiny, dark brown seed that matures in October.
These are the most common buckeyes carried for good luck. Red horsechestnut is a hybrid between red buckeye A. At maturity the red horsechestnut may reach 30 to 45 feet tall and wide.
Bloom time is in late April in the Piedmont, and the showy intense-pink flowers are held in 8-inch tall, upright panicles. This hybrid buckeye is best suited for part-sun, but will grow in full sun if irrigation is provided.
It tolerates restricted and compacted soils far better than its red buckeye parent. It has numerous landscape uses, such as a residential shade tree, in parking lot islands or in street medians. The hybrid may grow best in soils ranging from slightly acidic to neutral pH, so lime may need to be added to the planting area.
There are a couple of cultivars currently available that offer very showy flowers. The flowers are not tubular like those of the red buckeye, but are quite open and showy like those of its common horsechestnut parent. Propagation by seed does result in plants very much like the cultivar, which is very unusual for a hybrid. Other than leaf scorch that occurs from being grown in full sun under drought conditions, the main problem that is common among buckeyes is Guignardia leaf blotch caused by the fungus Guignardia aesuli.
This leaf blotch affects most buckeye and horsechestnut species, including red buckeye, painted buckeye, Ohio buckeye, red horsechestnut, and common horsechestnut. However, yellow buckeye and bottlebrush buckeye do not seem to be as affected. The leaf blotches are irregular-shaped, initially pale-green and then turn reddish-brown.
The leaves become twisted and wrinkled as the disease expands, and premature leaf drop occurs. The disease is more severe during rainy spring and summer seasons, and the primary infections occur in the spring.
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