Blue or green urine can be caused by food coloring. It can also be the result of dyes used in medical tests performed on your kidneys or bladder. The pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial infection can also cause your urine to turn blue, green, or even indigo purple.
In general, blue urine is rare and most likely connected to something in your diet. Dark brown urine can also be a side effect of certain medications, including metronidazole Flagyl and chloroquine Aralen. Eating large amounts of rhubarb, aloe, or fava beans can cause dark brown urine. A condition called porphyria can cause a buildup of the natural chemicals in your bloodstream and cause rusty or brown urine. Dark brown urine can also be an indicator of liver disease , as it can be caused by bile getting into your urine.
Cloudy urine can be a sign of a urinary tract infection. It can also be a symptom of some chronic diseases and kidney conditions. In some cases, cloudy urine is another sign of being dehydrated. Cloudy urine with foam or bubbles is called pneumaturia. If you have visible blood in your urine, or if your urine is colored light pink or dark red, see a doctor right away. This can be a sign of a serious health condition and should be diagnosed as soon as possible. Orange urine can also be a symptom of a serious health condition, including kidney and bladder disease.
The collection period usually starts in the morning. When you first get up, urinate—but don't save this urine. Write down the time that you urinated to mark the beginning of your hour collection period.
For the next 24 hours, collect all your urine. Your doctor will usually provide you with a large container that holds about 4 L 1 gal and has a small amount of preservative in it. Urinate into a smaller, clean container, and then pour the urine into the large container. Avoid touching the inside of the container with your fingers.
Keep the large container in the refrigerator during the collection period. Urinate for the final time at or just before the end of the hour period.
Add this urine to the large container, and write down the time. Avoid getting toilet paper, pubic hair, stool feces , menstrual blood, or other foreign matter in the urine sample. How It Feels There is no discomfort in collecting a urine sample. Risks There is no chance for problems in collecting a urine sample. Results A urine test checks different components of urine, a waste product made by the kidneys. Urine test results Colour Normal: Pale to dark yellow Abnormal: Many foods and medicines can affect the colour of the urine.
Clarity Normal: Clear Abnormal: Cloudy urine can be caused by pus white blood cells , blood red blood cells , sperm, bacteria, yeast, crystals, mucus, or a parasite infection, such as trichomoniasis. Odour Normal: Slightly "nutty" odour Abnormal: Some foods such as asparagus , vitamins, and antibiotics such as penicillin can cause urine to have a different odour. Specific gravity Normal: 1. Protein Normal: None Abnormal: Protein in the urine may mean that kidney damage, an infection, cancer, high blood pressure , diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus SLE , or glomerulonephritis is present.
Ketones Normal: None Abnormal: Ketones in the urine can mean uncontrolled diabetes, a very low-carbohydrate diet, starvation or eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia , alcohol use disorder , or poisoning from drinking rubbing alcohol isopropanol.
Microscopic analysis Normal: Very few or no red or white blood cells or casts are seen. Abnormal: Red blood cells in the urine may be caused by kidney or bladder injury, kidney stones , a urinary tract infection UTI , inflammation of the kidneys glomerulonephritis , a kidney or bladder tumour, or systemic lupus erythematosus SLE. Volume Normal: —2, millilitres mL per 24 hours. What Affects the Test Reasons you may not be able to have the test or why the results may not be helpful include: If you are having your menstrual period.
Taking medicines, such as diuretics, erythromycin, trimethoprim, or high doses of vitamin C ascorbic acid taken with an antibiotic , such as tetracycline. Having an X-ray test with contrast material in the past 3 days.
Not getting the urine sample to the lab in 1 hour. What To Think About Some urine tests can be done using a home test kit. Ketones Other substances that may be checked during a urine test include: Bilirubin.
This is a substance formed by the breakdown of red blood cells. It is passed from the body in stool. Bilirubin is not found in urine. If it is present, it often means that the liver is damaged or that the flow of bile from the gallbladder is blocked. For more information, see the topic Bilirubin. This is a substance formed by the breakdown of bilirubin. It is also passed from the body in stool. Only small amounts of urobilinogen are found in urine.
Urobilinogen in urine can be a sign of liver disease cirrhosis , hepatitis or that the flow of bile from the gallbladder is blocked. Bence Jones protein. A urine test is often done when multiple myeloma is suspected. The protein test done during a regular urine test does not check for Bence Jones protein.
To lower the chance of contaminating the urine sample with bacteria, a health professional may collect a urine sample by using a urinary catheter. A catheter may be used to collect urine from a person in the hospital who is very ill or who can't give a clean-catch sample. Using a catheter allows a clean sample to be collected. If an abnormal result is found during a urine test, more tests may be done, such as a urine culture, X-ray of the kidneys intravenous pyelogram [IVP] , or cystoscopy.
Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests , 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures, 5th ed.
Louis: Saunders. Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 8th ed. Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, 4th ed. Louis: Mosby Elsevier. Credits Current as of: September 23, Previous Section: References Top of the page.
Some medications darken urine too. More worrisome, however, are potential causes like copper or phenol poisoning or melanoma, which can result in blackish urine called melanuria. White or milky. This may be caused by an overabundance of certain minerals, such as calcium or phosphate, a urinary tract infection or excessive proteins. Consult your doctor.
You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Menu Search. Page Content. Pale straw color. Normal, healthy, well-hydrated. An infection may make urine look cloudy. Foamy urine can be a sign of kidney problems. Microscopic exam. A small amount of urine will be looked at under a microscope to check for things that do not belong in normal urine that cannot be seen with the naked eye, including red blood cells, white blood cells or pus cells , bacteria germs , or crystals which are formed from chemicals in the urine and may eventually get bigger and become kidney stones.
Dipstick test. A dipstick is a thin, plastic stick with strips of chemicals on it. It is dipped into the urine. The strips change color if a substance is present at a level that is above normal. Some of the things a dipstick examination can check for include:. A urinalysis can help to detect many diseases before you feel symptoms.
Finding and treating a problem early can help keep serious diseases from getting worse. Healthy kidneys remove wastes and excess fluid from the blood.
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